Chinese home appliance industry standards of recycling status.

<p> 2011 年 1 1 May, "waste electrical and electronic products recycling regulations" to be implemented. .Recycling of home appliances recycling system as an important part, by the appliance industry attention. .For recycling of domestic appliance standards and research work has achieved some results, but still in its infancy, strengthen and improve this very important part of the work. .This article describes the China Home Appliance Recycling status of the relevant standards, and standards development and research of such methods and ideas are analyzed. .</ P> <P> <P> <p> Standard main content </ p> <p> in the Home Appliance Recycling of the relevant standards development process, first determine the elements of the basic content of standards. .These elements, some are common requirements in the standard setting, while others are home appliance recycling standards in the field of special content, in conjunction with the actual situation in this area specific considerations. .</ P> <p> elements of the basic content standards including the application object, setting the terms, technical requirements, constraints, operating environment, related factors. .Among them, the application object that is applicable to waste (the actual end of life) appliance recycling, recycling and disposal; terms of setting standards is contained in specific provisions designed to address specific behaviors and recovery appliance recycling business in itself, .also accord with the basic format of standards, the level of clear, well-structured; technical requirements are the main contents of the standard, indicating that the recycling of waste home appliances and treatment of the specific technical requirements; constraint is standard with the additional conditions or technical requirements .guarantee conditions; operating environment is the standard operating environment specific requests (such as the operation is professional or general operations), especially on the technical specifications of the standard is essential; associated with factors that take into account the standards and other standards, technology .association rules (such as references, to borrow, the contents and terms of reference, etc.). .</ P> <p> Appliance Recycling in the area of each standard should have a clear scope. .For example, recycling is only after the recycling rate request, or on the handling techniques and procedures to make specification; is applicable to general use of recycling of household electrical appliances, or also include refrigerators, air conditioners, and other special appliances; is applicable .in production, or the accreditation and so on. .</ P> <p> In addition, the waste home appliance recycling, recycling and treatment process should follow certain procedures. .In fact, recycling of the "3R" (reuse, recycle, recovery) that followed the progressive, gradual and inclusive relationship, which in the relevant standards should be clearly shown. .In general, the recycling rate is greater than the recycling rate, recycling rate greater than the actual re-utilization. ."Reuse" (reuse) products, including spare parts (general, special), components, basic components, and which constitute some of the appliances machine; "recycling" (recycle) mainly refers to the & ldquo .; material "recycling, it is" re-use of "after, including the general metal, alloy, non-metallic, synthetic materials;" recycling "(recovery) mainly refers to the" energy " .recycling, it is in the "materials" for reuse, recycling, the "energy" final "recycling." .</ P> <p> Overall, China's home appliance recycling existing standards focused on the recycling rate, recycling rate calculation method and limit values, target, part of the standard involves recycling logo, labeling requirements. .On the recycling of waste electrical and electronic products involved in the collection, transportation, storage, disposal and management, to make the basic technical requirements for waste electrical and electronic products for reuse and recycling of basic evaluation. .</ P> <p> standard of research and analysis </ p> <p> Appliance Recycling standard terms and terminology, including common terms and specific terms, common terminology is based on electric field of recycling-based loan terms, such as recycling ., the basic process of recycling, "3R" the basic definition, etc.; specific terms is a combination of home appliance recycling, recycling process, behavioral characteristics, reflecting the recovery and recycling of household electrical appliances the characteristics of each stage of the term, taking into account the relevant .standards of consistency. .</ P> <p> "product recycling limits" should belong to the standard series of recycling home appliances in one of the basic standards, it raised the recycling rate target specific requirements. .Such standards are divided into general requirements and specific requirements. .General requirements include basic categories of home appliances, recycling of discarded household appliances limits (recycling rate target) classification provides the same time, the production of home appliances manufacturers, services, maintenance companies, appliance businesses to collect waste, waste handling equipment business .specific requirements, respectively, and the recycling rate flag methods. .Is combined with the specific requirements of the different functions of specific home appliances, as well as structure, material composition, processing and assembly processes, such as useful life, and make specific provisions on the recycling rate. .</ P> <p> In addition, disassembly of appliances is an element of eco-design products. ."Disassembly" of requirements from the product's "eco-design", "green manufacturing" the angle of specifications and requirements, and verify reasonableness. .As a home appliance products, while considering the material composition, manufacturing process should also consider the corresponding - metal forming and connection, injection molding, welding, assembly and assembly. .</ P> <p> eco-design standards is a broad design standards. .Eco-design standards for appliances is currently no strict procedures or content requirements, and more simply makes "eco-design" the basic concept or specific way of thinking and application of product life cycle theory, in the product "eco-design" .must be taken into account. .In addition, the product "eco-design" process and through the use of methods (including "eco-design" software tool) is not limited to one point. .For different products, made of different "eco-design method." .Based on these, mostly the nature of the standards recommended. .</ P> <p> In addition, to meet the "eco-design" products must meet the target requirements (such as a product to achieve "eco-design" the basic material consumption, energy consumption and energy saving performance indicators, such as energy-saving life .), is still difficult to specify, or make the necessary constraints. .Mainly because the products "eco-design" connecting factors to be considered excessive, taking into account many factors influence the indicators, and the eco-design of the program content should be improved and refined. .</ P> <p> recycling specification mainly refers to the process of recycling home appliances in the basic technical specifications, including general and specific requirements, general requirements with reference to relevant laws and regulations and appliance recycling the basic norms of corporate ., basic procedures, protection of technology and equipment requirements, the specific requirement that the special combination of household electrical appliances and materials constitute the proposed regulatory requirements. .</ P> <p> environmental impact indicators are recycling companies, recycling processes must adhere to the requirements of an indicator. .This is based on recycling of waste home appliances the particularity of the environmental impact of proposed, but also practitioners of a business must meet the indicator. .In previous years, some areas of the recycling of waste appliances lack of unified planning and management, illegal operation of a serious violation, resulting in serious environmental pollution (water, soil, air). .The field of home appliance recycling of environmental impact indicators (emissions standards) is currently yet to be established and improved. .</ P> <p> evaluation of recycling is the recycling of used appliances overall evaluation. ."Recycling" is a process, at the same time to produce results, and results of the evaluation process, including the legality, compliance, compliance, etc; the other hand, should also consider the evaluation of the recycling system, including the actual operation of the .system, management system to ensure measures. .</ P> <p> standards circumstances </ p> <p> 2002, the Home Appliance Recycling project started research standards, and the State Standardization Committee. .In 2006, the first relates to the field of home appliance recycling standards --GB/T21097.1-2007 "years of safe use of appliances and recycling General" finalized. .In 2008, China completed the standardization of the relevant departments, "electrical and electronic products, utilization of renewable and recyclable utilization calculation method" and the three industry standard QB / T 2963,2964,2965-2008 "household air conditioners / refrigerators / washing machine .recycling rate requirements "of the development. .At the same time to develop standards for electrical and electronic recycling there GB / T 21474-2008 "waste electrical and electronic products, reuse and recycling system assessment guide", GB / T 23685-2009 "recycling of waste electrical and electronic products, general technical requirements", .GB / T 23686-2009 "electrical and electronic products environmental conscious design," and so on. .In 2009, with National Science and Technology Support Program 2006BAF02A01 "green manufacturing standards development project," China has developed three basic standards for the industry - "home appliances green design / green manufacturing / recycling common technical requirements", and ."fridge / washing machine specific eco-design requirements," the two standards and the "Evaluation of electric and electronic products environmental design guidelines." .In addition, there are a number of areas related to home appliances recycling standards are being developed. .</ P> <p> Generally speaking, China's home appliance recycling situation is characterized by standards, typical products (refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, etc.) to the recycling limit of the standard has been initially completed, but other electrical appliances such as small household appliances .The recycling rate to be determined; for different waste household electrical appliances (such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, small appliances, etc.) processing specifications to be improved and refined in order to maximize the relevance criteria; involving a variety of resources ( .metal, glass, plastic and other synthetic materials, etc.) regeneration and recycling of technical specifications and requirements have yet to be in-depth study; the same time, recycling and discharge standards process to be sound and healthy; for different stages of product life cycle, the evaluation criteria (such as .safe useful life, residual life, etc.) needs further study. .(Research Institute of Chinese home appliances Zhu Yan Guo Lizhen) </ p>.